When a borrower's existing debts or liens are paid out of the transaction, they have to be disclosed. On a refinance that is straightforward - the refinance Closing Disclosure has a Payoffs and Payments table built into the form. On a purchase it is not, because the purchase Closing Disclosure has no such table.

That omission is deliberate rather than an oversight. A purchase CD assumes the borrower's obligations are being created, not retired. But purchases regularly involve payoffs anyway - a judgment lien against the buyer, a revolving debt the lender requires be cleared as a condition of approval, a second mortgage on a property being sold simultaneously.

The two things that have to happen

Disclosure of payoffs on a purchase has to satisfy two requirements at once, and they pull in different directions:

  1. Each payoff has to be itemised. A borrower is entitled to see who is being paid and how much, creditor by creditor.
  2. The total has to be on the Closing Disclosure itself. Cash to close is computed from the figures on the form. A payoff that exists only on an attachment is invisible to that calculation, and the borrower's bottom line comes out wrong.

The resolution is to do both: itemise the payoffs on an addendum appended to the CD, and carry a single summary total onto the form itself, in the borrower's summary of transactions.

The total appears twice, and that is correct Seeing the same figure on the addendum and on the form looks like a duplication, and the instinct is to remove one. Do not. The addendum shows the breakdown; the form line makes cash to close come out right. Adding a second manual line for the same payoffs, on the other hand, genuinely double-counts them.

Which form, which section

Three different transaction types handle this three different ways, which is the source of most of the confusion:

FormWhere payoffs go
Purchase CDNo table on the form. Itemised on an appended addendum, with the total carried into the borrower's summary of transactions.
Refinance CDA Payoffs and Payments section printed on the form itself.
Seller CDThe seller's summary of transactions, where payoff of the seller's existing loan is an ordinary line.

A workflow built around refinances tends to assume the table is always there. It is not, and on a purchase the payoffs have nowhere to live unless they are explicitly put somewhere.

What to record for each payoff

  • The creditor - who is actually being paid, as the payoff letter names them
  • A description of what the debt is: "Second Mortgage Payoff", "Judgment Lien", "Revolving Credit Payoff"
  • The amount, from the payoff letter rather than from the credit report

Keep the description to what the payoff is for. The creditor already prints in its own column beside it, so repeating the creditor name in the description just makes the line harder to read at the table.

Figures move until they do not

Payoff amounts are per-diem sensitive in the same way prepaid interest is - a payoff letter is good through a stated date and the figure changes after it. Expect to revise these as updated letters arrive, and expect the total, and therefore cash to close, to move with them.

Downstream effects

Because the total flows through the borrower's summary of transactions, it does not stop at the printed form. It feeds the total due from the borrower, it feeds cash to close, and it feeds the disbursement ledger - the payoffs are real money leaving the settlement account, to real creditors, and the ledger has to balance against them.

Removing a payoff has to back out of all of those in the same way it went in. A payoff cleared from the addendum but left on the summary line is a closing that will not balance.

Common questions

Does the purchase Closing Disclosure have a payoffs and payments table?

No. The Payoffs and Payments table appears on the refinance Closing Disclosure, not the purchase version. On a purchase, payoffs are itemised on an addendum appended to the CD and the total is carried onto the form in the borrower's summary of transactions.

Why does the payoff total appear on both the addendum and the Closing Disclosure?

The addendum provides the itemisation, creditor by creditor, while the total on the form itself is what makes cash to close calculate correctly. Both are required, and it is not a duplication. Adding a separate manual line for the same payoffs, however, would double-count them.

Where do payoffs go on a seller Closing Disclosure?

On the seller's summary of transactions, where payoff of the seller's existing loan is an ordinary line item rather than something requiring an addendum.

What should the description say for each payoff?

What the debt is - for example a second mortgage payoff or a judgment lien. The creditor is already named in its own column, so repeating it in the description only makes the line harder to read.

Do payoffs affect the disbursement ledger?

Yes. Payoffs are actual money leaving the settlement account to actual creditors. Because the total flows through the borrower's summary of transactions, it affects total due from the borrower, cash to close, and the ledger, which has to balance against the disbursed amounts.

Docketman runs the closing

Prorations, prepaids, recording charges and payoffs are calculated on the matter and flow straight onto the Closing Disclosure, the settlement statements and the disbursement ledger.